Centeotl - The Aztec God (or Goddess) of Maize

Centeotl (sometimes spelled Cinteotl or Tzinteotl and sometimes called Xochipilli or Flower Prince) was the main Aztec god of American corn, known as maize. Centeotls name (pronounced something like Zin-tay-AH-tul) means â€Å"Maize Cob Lord† or â€Å"the Dried Ear of the Maize God†. Other Aztec gods associated with this all-important crop included the goddess of sweet corn and tamales Xilonen (Tender Maize), the goddess of seed corn Chicomecoà ¡tl (Seven Serpent), and Xipe Totec, the fierce god of fertility and agriculture. Centeotl represents the Aztec version of a more ancient, pan-Mesoamerican deity. Earlier Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmec and Maya, worshiped the maize god as one of the most important sources of life and reproduction. Several figurines found at Teotihuacà ¡n were representations of a maize goddess, with a coiffure resembling a tasseled ear of maize. In many Mesoamerican cultures, the idea of kingship was associated with the maize god. Origin of the Maize God Centeotl was the son of Tlazolteotl or Toci, the goddess of fertility and childbirth, and as Xochipilli he was the husband of Xochiquetzal, the first woman to give birth. Like many Aztec deities, the maize god had a dual aspect, both masculine and feminine. Many Nahua (Aztec language) sources report that the Maize god was born a goddess, and only in later times became a male god named Centeotl, with a feminine counterpart, the goddess Chicomecoà ¡tl. Centeotl and Chicomecoà ¡tl oversaw different stages in maize growth and maturation. Aztec mythology holds that the god Quetzalcoatl gave maize to humans. The myth reports that during the 5th Sun, Quetzalcoatl spotted a red ant carrying a maize kernel. He followed the ant and reached the place where maize grew, the â€Å"Mountain of Sustenance†, or Tonacatepetl (Ton-ah-cah-TEP-eh-tel) in Nahua. There Quetzalcoatl turned himself into a black ant and stole a kernel of corn to bring back to the humans to plant. According to a story collected by the Spanish colonial period Franciscan friar and scholar Bernardino de  Sahagà ºn, Centeotl made a journey into the underworld and returned with cotton, sweet potatoes, huauzontle (chenopodium), and the intoxicating drink made from agave called octli or pulque, all of which he gave to humans. For this resurrection story, Centeotl is sometimes associated with Venus, the morning star. According to Sahagun, there was a temple dedicated to Centeotl in the sacred precinct of Tenochtitlà ¡n. Maize God Festivities The fourth month of the Aztec calendar is called Huei Tozoztli (The Big Sleep), and it was dedicated to the maize gods Centeotl and Chicomecoà ¡tl. Different ceremonies dedicated to green maize and grass took place in this month, which began around April 30th. To honor the maize gods, people carried out self-sacrifices, performing blood-letting rituals, and sprinkling the blood throughout their houses. Young women adorned themselves with necklaces of corn seeds. Maize ears and seeds were brought back from the field, the former placed in front of the gods images, whereas the latter were stored for planting in the next season. The cult of Centeotl overlapped that of Tlaloc and embraced various deities of solar warmth, flowers, feasting, and pleasure. As the son of the earth goddess Toci, Centeotl was worshipped alongside Chicomecoati and Xilonen during the 11th month of Ochpaniztli, which begins September 27th on our calendar. During this month, a woman was sacrificed and her skin was used to make a mask for Centeotls priest. Maize God Images Centeotl is often represented in Aztec codices as a young man, with maize cobs and ears sprouting from his head, handling a scepter with green cob’s ears. In the Florentine Codex, Centeotl is illustrated as the god of harvest and crop production. As Xochipilli Centeotl, the god is sometimes represented as the monkey god Oà §omà  tli, the god of sports, dancing, amusements and good luck in games. A carved paddle-shaped palmate stone in the collections of the Detroit Institute of Arts (Cavallo 1949) may illustrate Centeotl receiving or attending a human sacrifice. The head of the deity resembles a monkey and he has a tail; the figure is standing on or floating above the chest of a prone figure. A large headdress accounting for over half of the length of the  stone  rises above Centeotls head and is made up of either maize plants or possibly agave. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Aridjis, Homero. Deidades Del Panteà ³n Mexica Del Maà ­z. Artes de Mà ©xico 79 (2006): 16–17. Print.Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Carrasco, David. Central Mexican Religion. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Evans, Susan Toby and David L. Webster. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. 102–08. Print.Cavallo, A. S. A Totonac Palmate Stone. Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 29.3 (1949): 56–58. Print.de Durand-Forest, Jacqueline, and Michel Graulich. On Paradise Lost in Central Mexico. Current Anthropology 25.1 (1984): 134–35. Print.Long, Richard C. E. 167. A Dated Statuette of Centeotl. Man 38 (1938): 143–43. Print.Là ³pez Luhan, Leonardo. Tenochtitlà ¡n: Ceremonial Center. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Evans, Susan Toby and David L. Webster. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. 712–17. Print.Menà ©ndez, Élisabeth. Maà ¯s Et Divinites Du Maà ¯s Daprà ¨s Les Sources Anciennes. Journal de la Socià ©tà © des Amà ©ricanistes 64 (1977): 19–27. Print.Smith, Michael E. The Aztecs. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Print.Taube, Karl A. Aztec and Maya Myths. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993.Taube, Karl. Teotihuacà ¡n: Religion and Deities. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Evans, Susan Toby and David L. Webster. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 2001. 731–34. Print.Von Tuerenhout, Dirk R. The Aztecs: New Perspectives. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc., 2005. Print.

Roger Is The Symbol And Epitome Of Evil - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 540 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Lord of The Flies Essay Did you like this example? In my essay, I am going to talk about roger from LOTF, and why he is such an interesting character, and probably one of the characters with the most depth. Roger is the kind of person that would hurt small animals for fun, like a serial killer before they have become a serial killer. He is the kind of person who would but in front of an old lady in line to get to his selfish means faster. I will talk about what he symbolizes, why he is in the book, and why he is so interesting, In Lord of the Flies, Roger is the symbol and epitome of evil. He is sadistic, and is the kind of person you would not want to be alone with. In the story, he can be seen throwing rocks at the littluns, which could be symbolizing many things, and then stomping on there castles, just to be destructive. While maurice has regrets about what he did, robert has no bad feelings for what he did. In LOTF, jack wants power because he feels like he can use it to lead. Roger wants power simply to hurt and oppress the people is is leading. He also is burying flowers and stones that the littluns collected just to spite them. He doesnt become a sadistic person in the same point. At the start he holds back because feels that he should stay the same as he was in his old life, but as the story progresses, he becomes a murderous psychopath. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Roger Is The Symbol And Epitome Of Evil" essay for you Create order I think that Roger is in the book to balance out simon. Simon is a Christ-figure of sorts in the book. He is looked up upon by alph, Piggy, and an assortment of other characters think he is kind and smart, which he is. He provided lots to the group, and found a solitary ?special place which is referenced to as a cabin during the story. He is the opposite of what roger stands for, so I think that roger took great pleasure in killing simon during their tribal dance. He would have felt like he was tipping the scales of balance in his favor. I think Roger is one of the most interesting characters in lord of the flies because of his depth. He is a very complex character in my opinion. He changes a good amount throughout the story, turning from nice choir boy to horrific murderer. He is degenerative in his psyche and starts off by throwing stones at small children, but as time goes on and he either realizes that everyone is dead and they wont get rescued, or that no one can punish him, he starts doing worse and worse acts. The worst part is that he felt that his world was at the point where no one could control him, no matter what depraved things he did. In the end, I think Roger is an incredibly interesting character, probably one of the most in the book. He is complex and deep, even if he is a horrific character. As said by Eric and Sam, when they are tortured by Jack for Ralphs location: You dont know Roger. Hes a terror. And the chief†theyre both† no. just roger

Market Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco...

Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TOBACCO CURRENT MARKET IN SRI LANKA 2 2.0 SRI LANKAN TOBACCO MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 3 2.1 THE PRIVATE AND SOCIAL COSTS OF SMOKING 5 2.1.1 Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking 5 2.1.2 Explaining the Market Failure 5 3.0 TAXATION AND REGULATIONS 7 3.1 COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE INDUSTRY 7 3.2 INDIRECT TAXES AND PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 9 4.0 PROBLEMS AND FUTURE FORECAST 10 4.1 PROBLEMS 10 4.2 FUTURE FORECAST 11 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 REFERENCES 14 1.0 Introduction to Tobacco Current Market in Sri Lanka Farming: The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355†¦show more content†¦Bargaining power of suppliers †¢ Bargaining power of the tobacco leaf growers are low. Since subsidiary companies operate leaf growing programs through which they provide direct agronomy support to farmers if it is not otherwise available. So CTC has the direct control over the leaf growers. Even though the import option is also available bargaining power of international suppliers also high due to huge demand worldwide. †¢ When it comes to the tobacco leafs there exists low presents of substitutes. Threats of substitute †¢ Threats of substitute are low †¢ Herbal cigarettes, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis, Nicotine Patches, Nicotine Gums, Nicotine inhalers are among the substitutes. †¢ Since high impose of the regulations and taxes, increasing number of illicit cigarettes can be seen. Rivalry Among competitors †¢ There is low concentration of companies therefore competition is very low, the fact that there is heavy branding and brand loyalty supports this. In fact CTC is playing the monopolistic role where it enjoys the abnormal profits with the high market share. 2.1 The Private and Social Costs of Smoking Smoking creates a difference between private and social costs and benefits. Cigarette consumers derive private benefit from smoking and their habit entails a private cost. But the act of consumption creates negative externalities so that the social cost of exceeds the private cost. It is unlikely the smokers consider the external costs they areShow MoreRelatedDoing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region31325 Words   |  126 Pages6534-5155 PHONE +(65) 6534-2622 FAX www.wrp.com.sg Contact Attorney: Rajaram Ramiah rr@wrp.com.sg SRI LANKA SINGAPORE Yoon Yang Kim Shin Yu 19th Floor, ASEM Tower 159-1 Samsung-Dong, Gangnam-Gu Seoul 135-798 Korea +(82-2) 6003-7000 PHONE +(82-2) 6003-7804 FAX www.hwawoo.com Contact Attorney: Jay K. Lee jklee@hwawoo.com THAILAND SOUTH KOREA Nithya Partners No. 51, Gregory’s Road Colombo 7 Sri Lanka +94-11-4712-625 PHONE +94-11-2695-223 FAX www.nithyapartners.com Contact Attorney: ChanakaRead MoreWorking Capital Management8877 Words   |  36 Pagesstatements will also assist in analyzing the profitability of the years and with the figures of the competitive firm in the industry for making analysis of relative efficiency. In sri-lanka, selected all listed companies are divided as the sectors by Colombo stock exchange. Here researcher considers Impact of working capital management on profitability of the five firms in trading industry in listed companies and do research based on the five years data between the 2003-2007 1.2. Research problem ResearchRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pagescases from all sources. Visit www.ecch.com to subscribe. Economics, Politics and Business Environment 9-407-049 ALLIANZ AG: BECOMING A EUROPEAN COMPANY Lorsch, JW; Chernak, A Harvard Business School Publishing 20pp 205-024-4 BRITISH CHOCOLATE MARKET: UP FOR A FAIRTRADE ORGANIC MAKEOVER? Structured assignment Rathore, RS; Ragu, SP IBSCDC 15pp; Teaching note 205-024-8 (12pp) 207-057-1 BURGEONING CHINESE ECONOMY: SIGNS OF OVERHEATING? Gonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 9pp; Teaching note 207-057-8 (12pp)Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmovement of people. These upsurges and their regional unevenness created unprecedented incentives for long-distance migrations, as well as the resources and technologies that made them possible. In turn, these migrations provided the labor and markets that made these upsurges in production, integration, and flows possible. Modern migration is unprecedented in its volume and in its temporal concentration. Less than 3 million Europeans went to the New World during more than three centuries of

Sad Daughter free essay sample

Both Polonius and the speaker from â€Å"To A Sad Daughter† are struggling with the concept of letting go of their daughter and both love their daughter. Polonius is not ready to let go of his daughter. As no mention has been made of Ophelia’s mother; we must assume that Ophelia is the predominant female figure for him in his life. He looks at Laertes as his heir, typical in his time, also evidenced by the fact that it seems that they have talked about Ophelia and Halmet’s relationship. He looks after his daughter and cares for her in his own ways. Although his bawdy advices to Ophelia when he asks her about her and Hamlet’s relationship may seem harsh, it may also be taken as a sign that Polonius is not ready to let go of his daughter. Every parent struggles to let their kids gain their independence but Polonius has not yet realized that his daughter is ready to have a relationship with some male other than her family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Sad Daughter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He not only fears that Ophelia might ruin her reputation and therefore ruin the family’s reputation, he also fears that if he has to acknowledge that Hamlet has â€Å"My lord, he hath importuned me with love/ In honourable fashion† as Ophelia claims then he must let go of Ophelia and trust someone else will take care of her as he and Laertes have tried to do. Polonius not letting his daughter take risks, although selfish at times, shows that he doesn’t want his daughter to do something she regrets, and thinks to take care of her so she doesn’t have to be burdened and he refuses to acknowledge that she can take care of herself because she seems to be the â€Å"baby† of the family. Meanwhile the speaker in â€Å"To A Sad Daughter† although he acknowledges that he is sad to let his daughter go, he actually will. Another gender role is shown in the first few lines of the first stanza where the reader actually thinks that he is talking about a son because of the reference to the pre-dominantly male sport of hockey. However, soon we learn that she is his daughter. The speaker, like Polonius, gives his daughter advice on life. Shocked that she is not taking risks in her life he is telling her to go out an be tempted by the sirens, which seems odd as sirens represent death. Polonius who is not even ready to acknowledge his daughter can make decisions for herself is way different from the speaker who thinks that if she never takes risks she will never life to its fullest. Because he loves her so much, the speaker knows that he must let her off to the world and trust that she will come back to him.