Glio Tumors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glio Tumors - Essay Example However, spinal cord, optic nerves, etc. are often affected by Glio tumors in the human body. (Markert, pp. 11-12) Humans have always classified things according to its specifications for a better understanding, and therefore, gliomas have been categorized according to different types of cells, as well as, grading. In terms of types of cells, Ependymomas, Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Oligoastrocytomas are some of the names of Gliomas. On the other hand, World Health Organizations has classified gliomas according to its pathological evaluation. In this regard, pilocytic astrocytoma, low-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme are the different classified gliomas according to the WHO grading system in the ascending order. (Barnett, pp. 23-25) It has been observed that worst prognosis is usually confronted in last grade of gliomas, which results in the maximum human survival of a year. Briefly, nausea, headache, cranial nerve disorder, and vomiting are some of the usual symptoms of brain gliomas. Patients of Glio tumors often complain of visual loss, which is caused due to the affected optic nerve in the human brain. Numbness in the extremities can also be caused by the gliomas in the spinal cord of human body. In cases of high-graded gliomas, progressive memory is one of the most widespread symptoms of Glio tumors. (Barnett, pp. 29-31) In terms of prognosis of Glio tumors, most of the experts and neurosurgeons have accepted that it is incurable. Poor results have been observed during the diagnosis of patients with worse gliomas. In specific, worst results during prognosis have been shown by Glioblastoma multiforme. In such cases, three months is the maximum survival time for the patients in times of no treatment. (Markert, pp. 41-44) Symptomatic therapy, palliative therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are some of the common treatments of Glio tumors. However, one of the

Compare or Contrast 2 philosophy thinkers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare or Contrast 2 philosophy thinkers - Essay Example s, which are actual sense perceptions, and ideas, which are copies of impressions, connect with one another to form complexities that explain all things. In short, for Hume, the only things that we can possibly know are the impressions that can be perceived by our senses and the ideas that we imagine after seeing the impressions (Hume, An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding 201). On the other hand, Kant theorizes that there are three ways or categories where knowledge of the relationship between two things, or subject and predicate, can be derived. These are the analytic a priori, the synthetic a posteriori, and the controversial synthetic a priori. Kant’s analytic a priori is knowing by definition, like believing that â€Å"All single people are people who have not married.† Kant’s synthetic a posteriori is like â€Å"Most sick people are given medicine,† which is merely a belief out of habit. Lastly, Kant’s synthetic a priori is believing somet hing like â€Å"Some dead parents are remembered by their children,† which is a belief from intuition. These beliefs do not require proof as what Hume believed (Durant 269-271). Another difference between Hume and Kant is on their ethical principles. According to Hume’s A Treatise on Human Nature and based on his epistemology, it is our feelings or sentiments that practically influence human volition and action. It is not reason but our feelings and sentiments produce our actions with the same habitual expectation that the future will result from the past. For Hume, morality is doing something because of an â€Å"enduring passion or trait of character in the agent† and without regard for any custom or reason (Cohon). On the other hand, based on Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, morality is performing the categorical imperative: â€Å"Act only according to the maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,† and to â€Å"act in such a way that [he should] treat

The law enforcement code of ethics Essay Example for Free

The law enforcement code of ethics Essay Both the law enforcement code of ethics (LECE) and the professional investigators and security association (PISA) are Law enforcement agencies. Both agencies do not condone criminology. As such, the code of ethics of LECE is clear about this. A law enforcement officer is required to give immunity to innocent citizens against any form of deception, oppression and violent acts. He is also required to respect the laid down constitutional rights of equality and fairness to justice. They are therefore required to carry out their duties impartially without bias, friendship or be guided by personal feelings. Consequently a member of the PISA in a bid to ensure that ethics is portrayed is required to carry out investigations with a high degree of integrity and in a moral and professional manner. They are further required not to exaggerate issues but apply courtesy and honesty in all criminal related matters. The same as LECE code of ethics advocates against carrying duties partially with personal feelings and friendships influencing decisions, same applies to PISA. The members of PISA are restrained from racial, religious and gender discrimination when carrying out official duties. Both bodies require that their members co-operate by working hand in hand in executing their obligatory roles. They are not supposed to receive bribery or engage in any forms of corruption practices. Their codes of ethics also require them to maintain high degrees of confidentiality by keeping as secrets, what they see or do. Both codes of ethics stipulate the different roles played by different officers as far as criminal justice is concerned. Further, both codes require that their members safeguard the reputation of their respective bodies governing them. They are required to exhibit highest possible standards of professionalism. As much as the two bodies are similar in their regularity regulatory code of ethics, they also differ in certain principles. Unlike the members of LECE, members of PISA consult professionals on matters pertaining to justice. These include American Academy of professional law enforcement, The Association of Detectives Inc. mong others. They also invite guest speakers who include retired detectives who offer consultation services on criminology issues. The professional investigators security associations use more of information technology in handling tasks compared to the law enforcement body umbrella Lastly, various countries may have a slight disparity on their professional code of ethics. However the law enforcement code of ethics seems to be standardized across geographical regions/jurisdictions

Reviewing Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Plays

Reviewing Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Plays Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most popular tragedy plays. Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in the English literary tradition. As the most-filmed of all plays, Romeo and Juliet serves as an example of how cinematic interpreters of Shakespeare have become more liberal over time. The story was long established even when Shakespeare wrote it in 1594 or 1595he was adapting the earlier Italian tale The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet. Love is naturally the plays dominant and most important theme. Sex, drugs, and violence are usually a potent combination, and only William Shakespeare could develop them into a masterful, poetic, and elegant story. Romeo and Juliet also lends itself to modernized, marketable film adaptations because of many of the innovative themes presented throughout the play, which include love vs. hate, light vs. dark, age vs. youth, and fate vs. determinism. Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet starts with an example of the power of the media, with a television news report. Straight away we see a new and modernistic beginning. There is a very dramatic opening, with dramatic music and quick shots of Verona Beach, skyscrapers, images of war and fighting, flashes of newspapers and magazines, and shots of helicopters and cars, all present day images. We have a voice over giving the audience and introduction to the story. We are then introduced to the characters of the film. The colours used for the different characters are very interesting. For the Capulets the colours used are cold colours like blue and green where as when Mercutio there is a use of soft golden colours. This immediately brings a contrast between the characters and this cinematic technique is used many times through out the film. We are then brought to a gas station where a fight breaks out between the two feuding families. This is scene is very dramatic and a lot of quick imagery is used. We see more modernisation in this scene, we are introduced to guns instead of the commonly used sword and we also have fast cars instead of horses. We see great use of camera angels used in this scene. We see the low angel shot looking at Benvolio from one of the Montague boys and then the reverse with a high angel shot, which is not Benvolios point of view but still gives you the idea of his position. We then have extremely close up shots as we are introduced to Tybalt. Again here we see that Tybalts car is blue. There is a close up of his boots as he gets out of the car and then a close up of his head and hand as he lights his cigarette and again the background behind him is blue. When the fight begins and the tension builds we get close up shots of Tybalts eyes and Benvolios eyes. This kind of shot indicates strong feeli ngs and in Tybalts case we see hatred as he is focused and powerful. When the camera shows the close up of Benvolios eyes he twitches showing fear along with the way that he is not looking directly into the camera. Although we are never shown from a far angle we know that they are staring at each other. When we are fist introduced to Romeo, we hear his mother, father and cousin Benvolio talking about it, which helps us get a feel for his character. The first images we are given of Romeo are him sitting on Verona Beach which soft golden lighting just like Mercutio at the beginning. When we are introduced to Juliet, we see her in a close up shot underwater. She looks like she is a drowned girl; this could link to Ophelia in Hamlet. The way in which we are introduced to her foreshadows her meeting with Romeo and her eventual death. Before the party Romeo talks of his dream, this builds tension with the flash-forward of the final scene of Romeo in Juliets tomb. This makes the audience curious of what is going to happen next even if they have read the play before or not. Romeo is then given a love drug. The effects of the drug on him are depicted brilliantly. As soon as he takes the drug, we see images of fireworks and spinning lights, the music becomes crazy and then mellow. We arrive at the party and everybody is dancing, people become blurry, we have images of Tybalt roaring like a lion and Romeo muttering the words drugs are quick the same words that are used in his final scene of the play. The room begins to spin but the camera is still focused on Romeo which is a great camera angle to show that for Romeo the room is spinning. We then cut to an image of Romeo underwater washing off the effects of the drug. The shot of him under water echoes the image that we saw earlier of Juliet under water. After all the hectic scenes, the music changes to a very slow romantic song to set the scene as the two lovers meet each others gaze through the fish tank. Romeos first few of Juliet is under water. Again we see lighting used here to distinguish the divide between the lovers with the fish tank in between them, almost like an obstacle. On Romeos side of the fish tank the lighting is the golden reds and yellows, colours of warmth to evoke the Montagues and Juliet who we can only see through the fish tank is behind cool blues and greens, the tones of the Capulets. When the party ends the lovers then meet in the swimming pool, another use of the water among the characters. Here they exchange their love. The costumes used in this film are very different from what you would see in a common Romeo and Juliet. All the Montague boys were colourful shirts, a lot of the time they are open showing their free natured spirit. The Capulets on the other hand are more serious and are fashioned with higher class clothes to represent their wealth and power. The costumes that the characters wear at the party are quite interesting. Tybalt is dressed as a devil which reflects his characters evilness but is also ironic as he is very religious. Juliet is dressed as an angel which is exactly how her character is depicted, so angelic, fragile and heavenly. Romeo is the knight in shining armour and becomes the hero in the party and of the film. Religion is a very common theme that can be seen through out the film. We are constantly shown the statue of Jesus through the course of the film. A lot of the scenes take place in the church where there are many religious statues and images on the walls. Holy music is played often and sometimes is shown with a choir singing. Juliets house and room has a shrine where she prays at night. At the very beginning Tybalt is wearing a shirt with Jesus on it and also his gun has a picture of Mary on the handle. Many of the characters have tattoos of religious figures or symbols and one of the main props in the film is Juliets wedding ring which is not only a symbol of marriage and love but also has the religious cross engraved on it. There is constant tension and suspension of what is going to happen. When Romeo and Juliet are married and he goes to kiss his bride, we cut to a scene of Benvolio and Mercutio on the beach and a shot is fired. There is talk of a brawl. Tybalt arrives. There is great use of camera angles here as Mercutio runs at the camera and it pans around to show Tybalt backing away but with short images of him taunting and egging Mercutio on. Tybalt stabs Mercutio with a piece of glass, this is a new adaptation as they do not use swords anymore. This was well thought of as in the play Mercutio follows being stabbed with the lines a scratch, a scratch. There is almost like a stage set up on the beach and this resembles the theatre performances of Romeo and Juliet as we see Romeo and Mercutio on the stage saying lines and the other characters are down below looking up. We are then given more tension with pathetic fallacy that is common in plays, films and novels, when the weather reflects the mood of the play. A storm is brewing and it becomes very windy, we see people lock up their shops and people driving away. The music is also very dramatic. This makes the scene very tense for the audience and makes them curious about what is about to happen. We are then brought to Juliets room with her talking about her excitement and happiness with her new marriage and new love and all of a sudden the camera cuts to a rage filled Romeo screaming and driving extremely fast after Tybalt, there is a car crash and Romeo is standing there pointing a gun at Tybalt. Just as he pulls the trigger and shoots him, the camera cuts back to a shocked looking Juliet as if it was her that was hit with the bullet. This was a great use of imagery as we see just how much of an impact Romeos actions will have on Juliet and many others. This also links in with the line that Romeo say further on as if that name shot from the deadly level of a gun did murder her speaking of Juliet. Romeo is then haunted by hi s actions. As he sleeps he is awoken suddenly by the sound of a gun shot and we see a flash back of Tybalt dying. We see water used again in the next scene as Romeo falls from the balcony into the swimming pool and Juliet looks at him and says Oh God, I have an ill divine soul, me thinks I see thee now, thou art so low as one dead at the bottom of a tomb. Romeo sinks beneath the surface of the water almost as if he is drowning. Romeo is sent to exile and when he hears of Juliets death the panic and fear is represented well with the panic and fear of Romeo returning to Verona Beach. We have the Priest panicking that his letter never reached Romeo. There are helicopters and police cars with the sound of police sirens. The music gets faster and we see fast cars and then there is a bit of a car chase. We feel the hectic panic of everyone through these quick, short, loud and frantic scenes. Romeo reaches the tomb where Juliet is laying. We see the image of him walking down towards her body just as we did in the earlier scene when he described his dream. The slow music and his slow walking are a complete contrast to the last scene. Romeo mourns over his dead wife. The tension here builds for the audience as we known that Juliet is about to wake shortly and we can see her body twitching but Romeo can not. He sits up to take the poison just as we have a close up of Juliets eyes opening. She is awake but does not speak. Romeo has not yet taken the poison which makes the audience want to scream at the screen Dont do it. It frustrates the viewer as well because Juliet does not speak to him, if she did she could have prevented the tragedy. Just as Romeo takes the poison Juliet touches his cheek and we have a very quick reflex from Romeo as he realises she is awake and that he cant go back. Juliet finally realising what is happening begins to panic. The line thus with a kiss I die was rearrange in the scene until after he has taken the poison to make it more dramatic and to have more of an impact on the audience. The silence after the his death makes this scene so tense, then you hear the sound of her crying and the sound of her loading the gun, and the sound of the gun shot echoes. The camera pans back to show the two lovers happy in death and we see a flashback of the night that they met and happy moments that they have shared. This reminds the audience of their troubled but happy relationship and helps the viewer to connect to the tragedy that has just happened. The news report is shown again as the television fades into the background and the film ends, leaving the ending dramatic and heart wrenching. Luhrmann changes in this scene have the effect of changing the focus and theme of the scene from the broader issues of rash youth and social conflict to a narrower focus on the tragic love of Romeo and Juliet. Only having Romeo and Juliet in this scene f ocuses the conflict on the tragic failure of their happiness and love. The audience want to focus on the lovers as it is the point of the story but there are much broader themes to it also. The cast which Baz Luhrmann chose played well into his idea of wanting to broaden the horizons on the audiences that enjoyed Shakespeare. Succeeding in attracting a huge youth fan club, it helped that he had cast the young handsome Leonardo Di Caprio. Having famous people in the film immediately attracts a big audience. Claire Danes plays a beautiful Juliet. Other famous people such as Paul Rudd, who has come increasingly popular, along with Diane Venora, Pete Postlethwaite and many others. Baz Luhrmanns adaptation of Romeo and Juliet does not seem out-dated even though it is 11 years old. It is still referred to as the new Romeo and Juliet. What is so great about this version is how Shakespeares language is untouched but worked in and fitted so magnificently into the modern day life. Luhrmann makes his film into an almost theatrical experience. . The most brilliant aspect of the movie is the urban landscape setting, the lighting, and the cinematography. There is comedy, romance and tragedy infused together in this film. This is a remarkable film, filled with love, passion, hate, power, etc. Luhrmann wanted to entertain his audience with the timeless love of Romeo and Juliet and in my opinion he succeeded in doing so with an unforgettable adaptation of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Sources Luhrmann, Baz. 1996, William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet

Badrs A Balcony over the Fakihani, Pillars of Salt, by Fadia Faqir, and Al-Atrashs A Woman of Five Seasons :: Badr Fakihani Faqir Pillars Five Seasons Essays

Badr's A Balcony over the Fakihani, Pillars of Salt, by Fadia Faqir, and Al-Atrash's A Woman of Five Seasons Struggles for independence from foreign conquerors, civil tyrants, and the hands of the oppressive have long been the backdrop for life in the Arab World. This struggle is compounded for Arab women, who have the added worries of societal and cultural constraints. The 20th century was a notably gory one, particularly in the Middle East. There have been numerous, almost continuous aggressive confrontations in the region since the dawn of the 20th century, beginning with Ibn Saud?s campaign against the Ottoman Empire (Diller 384) and concluding with the suicide bombings of contemporary daily news. Typically, the actors of this violence have been predominantly men, yet such far reaching, and pervading circumstances of violence have inevitably had an impact on the daily lives and consciousness of countless generations of Arab women. This impact has also saturated the minds of many Arab women writers, and the depth of this effect comes across very well in the works of Liyana Badr, Leila Al -Atrash, and Fadia Faqir. The political and historical contexts of each novel are extremely telling. This ever-present aggressive backdrop influences settings and personal storylines of characters in Badr?s A Balcony over the Fakihani, Faqir?s Pillars of Salt, and Al-Atrash?s A Woman of Five Seasons overwhelmingly. Pillars of Salt, which is set in the early 20s in Jordan, has the earliest setting of all three novels and happens to be one of the more violent. In 1920, Transjordan was p! laced under British mandate. The British left in May of 1923, and then Emir Abdullah attempted to appease and unite various Bedouin groups and form a unit of men able to protect the land from invaders (Diller 261). It is with this historical context that we happen upon the story of Maha and her struggle for survival and independence. The novel begins with the storyteller?s muddy mixture of fact and fable. The storyteller recounts his first encounter with the English, and describes the way ?their cars exhaled black smoke into the clear blue sky? (Faqir 3). The storyteller is somewhat removed from the political context because he is ?half-Arab? (Faqir 3), yet it is still evident that there is some ill feeling towards the English. Later on, we are presented with another political opinion of the storyteller. He describes the story of the Balfour Declaration, and portrays it in a very negative manner, calling i! t the result of Lord Balfour?

Pollution and Culture in Greenland :: Greenland Environment Ecology Pollute Essays

Greenland is contaminated with considerable amounts of pollution, caused by large-scale atmospheric circulations, especially in winter. The pollutants in the Arctic are primarily sulfur, which is highly acidic, in both gas and aerosol form. Most of these pollutants are from anthropogenic sources deriving mainly from industrialized areas in the Eurasian continent. In addition to threatening environmental stability, pollution is speeding the unraveling of traditional Inuit culture in Greenland. Climate change is affecting the entire world, yet Greenland is especially sensitive to slight fluctuations due to its dependency of the natives’ traditional lifestyles on the environment. Melting ice and permafrost restrict access to hunting grounds making a traditional way of life consisting of hunting seal and caribou more difficult.2 Every four years, the Inuit living in Greenland, Canada, Alaska, and Siberia convene the Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC) to discuss issues of concern. The ICC lobbied successfully to ban a dozen organic pollutants, carried north by winds, that do not evaporate in the Arctic cold. These pollutants were infecting meat and berries, staples of the Inuit diet, as well as the breast milk of nursing mothers.3 There are many more problems facing the sustainability of Greenland, such as trans-boundary pollution and the fact that the Inuit are not an effective lobbying group due to differences in culture, dialect, and lack of communication. In November of 2004, a report by 250 scientists warned that the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the global average, which threatens to wipe out several species including polar bears, and melt summer ice around the North Pole by 2100.4 One of the reasons for the increased warming is that the dark water and ground in the arctic soak up more heat from the atmosphere than ice or snow. The levels of carbon dioxide today are about 379ppm and increasing, a comparable level to 55 million years ago when there was no ice on the planet due to the warmth of the atmosphere.5 If the Greenland ice cap melts, the sea level will rise six or seven meters. Although this is a worst-case scenario, it seems clear that steps must be taken to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in our atmosphere. Investigations of pollutants in Greenland during the past fifteen years show that the troposphere is burdened with high levels of trans-boundary pollution. The major anthropogenic contributors to this â€Å"Arctic haze† are central Europe, and northern Russia.

My Neighbour Totoro [Film History Essay] Essay

My Neighbor Totoro ( , Tonari no Totoro) is a Japanese animated fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli. Two young girls, Satsuki and her younger sister Mei, move into a house in the country with their father to be closer to their hospitalized mother who is recovering from an illness. Satsuki and Mei discover that the nearby forest is inhabited by magical creatures called Totoros (pronounced toe-toe-ro). The Totoros appear in different sizes, one is small and white, the next one slightly bigger and blue coloured, the biggest one being grey in colour; which features on the movie’s cover being the most well known. They have been described by critics as â€Å"giant chubby ferrets† but there isn’t really any completely apt description to describe a Totoro, for they are made-up creatures. Satsuki and Mei soon befriend these Totoros, and have several magical adventures. When trouble occurs, their new friends will help them rediscover hope and help when dealing with their mother’s sickness and settling into a new home. The voice acting cast consists of 3 different voices for each version of â€Å"My Neighbour Totoro† that was released. There was the original japanese version, the Streamline English dubbed version, then finally an english dubbed version by Disney. The original japanese voice actors were Noriko Hidaka as â€Å"Satsuki†, Chika Sakamoto as â€Å"Mei†, Shigesato Itoi as the â€Å"father†, Sumi Shimamoto as the â€Å"mother†, Tanie Kitabayashi as â€Å"Granny†, Toshiyuki Amagasa as â€Å"Kanta†, Naoki Tatsuta as the â€Å"catbus†, and Hitoshi Takagi as the grey Totoro. The film is set in rural post-war Japan, made in 1988. Some notable anime films made around this time were â€Å"Grave of the Fireflies (1988)† an anti-war movie, as well as â€Å"Akira (1988)†; a cyberpunk anime movie, based in â€Å"Neo-Tokyo†, a booming, industrial city with the ambiance of a society on the edge of collapse. â€Å"My Neighbour Totoro† is a rather significant movie because it was so successful and loved by japanese children like â€Å"Winnie the Pooh† is loved by british children and more popular than Mickey Mouse could ever hope to be. This was because of the charismatic simplicity of the Totoros and their somewhat â€Å"cute† and â€Å"cuddly† appearance. The soundtrack for â€Å"My Neighbour Totoro† composed by Joe Hisaishi and Azumi Inoue received much high praise and added to the straightforward atmosphere of the film. One of the more popular themes from the soundtrack is â€Å"Path of the Wind ( )†. Totoro has become well known in international pop culture as it was indeed a notable film for its particular genre, later becoming the logo and symbol for Studio Ghibli. The film won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize and the Mainichi Film Award for Best Film in 1988, as well as numerous other awards. My Neighbor Totoro ranked #41 in Empire magazines â€Å"The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema† in 2010. Although the target audience for â€Å"My Neighbour Totoro† is aimed at children, this 90 minute movie is bound to appeal to to anyone, even if they’re not an anime fan. Dearly loved and critically regarded worldwide, the magical My Neighbor Totoro is a heart-warming tale of innocence and the power of belief that will delight viewers of all ages. The story is uncomplicated and easy to watch, and the undeniable charm of the characters also adds to the realistic atmosphere of this Studio Ghibli movie. Despite its release date, the animation is solid, just like the fitting soundtrack. My Neighbor Totoro is an anime that gained mainstreamed recognition and popularity for good reason.