Market Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco...

Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TOBACCO CURRENT MARKET IN SRI LANKA 2 2.0 SRI LANKAN TOBACCO MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 3 2.1 THE PRIVATE AND SOCIAL COSTS OF SMOKING 5 2.1.1 Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking 5 2.1.2 Explaining the Market Failure 5 3.0 TAXATION AND REGULATIONS 7 3.1 COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE INDUSTRY 7 3.2 INDIRECT TAXES AND PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 9 4.0 PROBLEMS AND FUTURE FORECAST 10 4.1 PROBLEMS 10 4.2 FUTURE FORECAST 11 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 REFERENCES 14 1.0 Introduction to Tobacco Current Market in Sri Lanka Farming: The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355†¦show more content†¦Bargaining power of suppliers †¢ Bargaining power of the tobacco leaf growers are low. Since subsidiary companies operate leaf growing programs through which they provide direct agronomy support to farmers if it is not otherwise available. So CTC has the direct control over the leaf growers. Even though the import option is also available bargaining power of international suppliers also high due to huge demand worldwide. †¢ When it comes to the tobacco leafs there exists low presents of substitutes. Threats of substitute †¢ Threats of substitute are low †¢ Herbal cigarettes, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis, Nicotine Patches, Nicotine Gums, Nicotine inhalers are among the substitutes. †¢ Since high impose of the regulations and taxes, increasing number of illicit cigarettes can be seen. Rivalry Among competitors †¢ There is low concentration of companies therefore competition is very low, the fact that there is heavy branding and brand loyalty supports this. In fact CTC is playing the monopolistic role where it enjoys the abnormal profits with the high market share. 2.1 The Private and Social Costs of Smoking Smoking creates a difference between private and social costs and benefits. Cigarette consumers derive private benefit from smoking and their habit entails a private cost. But the act of consumption creates negative externalities so that the social cost of exceeds the private cost. It is unlikely the smokers consider the external costs they areShow MoreRelatedDoing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region31325 Words   |  126 Pages6534-5155 PHONE +(65) 6534-2622 FAX www.wrp.com.sg Contact Attorney: Rajaram Ramiah rr@wrp.com.sg SRI LANKA SINGAPORE Yoon Yang Kim Shin Yu 19th Floor, ASEM Tower 159-1 Samsung-Dong, Gangnam-Gu Seoul 135-798 Korea +(82-2) 6003-7000 PHONE +(82-2) 6003-7804 FAX www.hwawoo.com Contact Attorney: Jay K. Lee jklee@hwawoo.com THAILAND SOUTH KOREA Nithya Partners No. 51, Gregory’s Road Colombo 7 Sri Lanka +94-11-4712-625 PHONE +94-11-2695-223 FAX www.nithyapartners.com Contact Attorney: ChanakaRead MoreWorking Capital Management8877 Words   |  36 Pagesstatements will also assist in analyzing the profitability of the years and with the figures of the competitive firm in the industry for making analysis of relative efficiency. In sri-lanka, selected all listed companies are divided as the sectors by Colombo stock exchange. Here researcher considers Impact of working capital management on profitability of the five firms in trading industry in listed companies and do research based on the five years data between the 2003-2007 1.2. Research problem ResearchRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pagescases from all sources. Visit www.ecch.com to subscribe. Economics, Politics and Business Environment 9-407-049 ALLIANZ AG: BECOMING A EUROPEAN COMPANY Lorsch, JW; Chernak, A Harvard Business School Publishing 20pp 205-024-4 BRITISH CHOCOLATE MARKET: UP FOR A FAIRTRADE ORGANIC MAKEOVER? Structured assignment Rathore, RS; Ragu, SP IBSCDC 15pp; Teaching note 205-024-8 (12pp) 207-057-1 BURGEONING CHINESE ECONOMY: SIGNS OF OVERHEATING? Gonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 9pp; Teaching note 207-057-8 (12pp)Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmovement of people. These upsurges and their regional unevenness created unprecedented incentives for long-distance migrations, as well as the resources and technologies that made them possible. In turn, these migrations provided the labor and markets that made these upsurges in production, integration, and flows possible. Modern migration is unprecedented in its volume and in its temporal concentration. Less than 3 million Europeans went to the New World during more than three centuries of

Sad Daughter free essay sample

Both Polonius and the speaker from â€Å"To A Sad Daughter† are struggling with the concept of letting go of their daughter and both love their daughter. Polonius is not ready to let go of his daughter. As no mention has been made of Ophelia’s mother; we must assume that Ophelia is the predominant female figure for him in his life. He looks at Laertes as his heir, typical in his time, also evidenced by the fact that it seems that they have talked about Ophelia and Halmet’s relationship. He looks after his daughter and cares for her in his own ways. Although his bawdy advices to Ophelia when he asks her about her and Hamlet’s relationship may seem harsh, it may also be taken as a sign that Polonius is not ready to let go of his daughter. Every parent struggles to let their kids gain their independence but Polonius has not yet realized that his daughter is ready to have a relationship with some male other than her family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Sad Daughter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He not only fears that Ophelia might ruin her reputation and therefore ruin the family’s reputation, he also fears that if he has to acknowledge that Hamlet has â€Å"My lord, he hath importuned me with love/ In honourable fashion† as Ophelia claims then he must let go of Ophelia and trust someone else will take care of her as he and Laertes have tried to do. Polonius not letting his daughter take risks, although selfish at times, shows that he doesn’t want his daughter to do something she regrets, and thinks to take care of her so she doesn’t have to be burdened and he refuses to acknowledge that she can take care of herself because she seems to be the â€Å"baby† of the family. Meanwhile the speaker in â€Å"To A Sad Daughter† although he acknowledges that he is sad to let his daughter go, he actually will. Another gender role is shown in the first few lines of the first stanza where the reader actually thinks that he is talking about a son because of the reference to the pre-dominantly male sport of hockey. However, soon we learn that she is his daughter. The speaker, like Polonius, gives his daughter advice on life. Shocked that she is not taking risks in her life he is telling her to go out an be tempted by the sirens, which seems odd as sirens represent death. Polonius who is not even ready to acknowledge his daughter can make decisions for herself is way different from the speaker who thinks that if she never takes risks she will never life to its fullest. Because he loves her so much, the speaker knows that he must let her off to the world and trust that she will come back to him.

Rasputin The Man, The Mystery Essays - Grigori Rasputin

Rasputin: The Man, The Mystery Rasputin: The Man, The Mystery Introduction Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin is known as the Siberian Mystic Healer, whose life has been retold numerous of times and almost each time it is told it is retold in a different way. Since Rasputin lived in a civilization not that advanced, little is know of his first forty years of life. So most information on the man are normally from stories families have passed on. Some say he is a holy monk with great powers, on the other hand he may be known as a phony with a false connection to God. The Beginning Rasputin was born between 1864 and 1865 in his own home of Pokrovskoe. It is now known as Tiumen' Oblast. It is located in Siberia on the Toura River. This was a small city located near the Ural Mountains. At the center of the village stood a large white church with a guilded dome, which was a symbol of Russia's strong religious background. At the age of eighteen Rasputin went through a religious transition. He eventually went to the monastery at Verkhoture. At this place he became aquatinted to the Khlysty sect. After spending some time at this monastery he did not become a monk. When he came to this monastery he had no intentions of becoming a monk. But this even eventually leads to fame and power for Rasputin. At the age of nineteen, Rasputin returned to his home in Pokrovskoe. There he fell in love and married Praskovia Fyodorovna. Together the two had three children. They had Dimitri in 1897, Maria in 1898, and Varvara in 1900. Marriage wasn't enough to keep Rasputin in one place. He continued to wander to places of religious significance suck as Mt. Athos, Greece, and Jerusalem. He was a self-proclaimed holy man. He had the power to heal the sick and the power to predict the future. His fame grew greatly. Soon people traveled from long distances in search of his well heard about abilities and insight. For Rasputin's help, people would repay him with food, presents, and money. Rasputin has had no long period of religious or spiritual training. He also had very limited education so he was left illiterate. This made his theatrical abilities become very useful. One day while Rasputin was plowing in the fields he had a revelation. The story states that a Heavenly Mother touched him. She told him of young Aleksei, the tsarevich and she instructed him to appear at the boy's side to stop his bleeding. His bleeding was a result of his hemophilia. He made his initial move towards St. Petersburg in1902, when he visited the city of Kazan near the Volga River. After this trip he had a rapidly growing group of disciples and acquaintances in the upper class, and he was known as a man of God. The City of St. Petersburg Rasputin arrived in St. Petersburg at a time when church leaders were really vulnerable. They wanted people with religious influence, and who had power over the people. Rasputin was both an ordinary peasant ? simple, forceful, and direct ? while at the same time he possessed the power to astonish people with his healing powers and his insight into the future. People in the city had different views on the man. One was that he was a very holy man who possessed great powers. The other is that he was just a cynical, and that he used religion to mask his drive for sex, money, and power. Sex Life Rasputin had a very active sex life. He was reported to hold orgies in the basement of his house at the same time he lived with his wife around 1900. Later, after Rasputin had a rise to fame he attracted a large crowd of female followers. Many of the pictures of Rasputin are with him surrounded by women. There are reports of Rasputin raping women. These reports are untrue because Rasputin really didn't have to rape the to get them into bed. All of these activities did not conflict with Rasputin's religious beliefs. He did not particularly care for the orthodox religion. He was a member of the Khlisti sect. Followers of the Khlisti sect believed that all of the desires of the man should be fulfilled, and man of its members held orgies to fulfill their needs. Some people claim that Rasputin thought that he vitally derived from having sex. There are reports of Rasputin having sex with the tsarina, but the are totally false. The Romanovs Rasputin arrived in St. Petersburg in 1905 and he was not invited

Beowulf vs. the Knight in Canterburry Tales essays

Beowulf vs. the Knight in Canterburry Tales essays Heroes have amazing qualities that make them extraordinary people. Many types of heroes live in the world: men, women, children, or even next-door neighbors. Both Beowulf and the Knight act heroically, each in their own way. Heroes usually have an abundance of strength, and act as great warriors. They risk their lives for a cause. For example, a general of an army is a strong warrior and a hero, because he does anything for his men. The firefighters on September 11th acted like heroes. They climbed the stairs of the tower though they knew they probably wouldnt come down, because they understood that their job required them to help people. Heroes, like the ones just mentioned, do not always benefit from what they do. Heroes usually have ethics and honesty, with a high moral conviction. They tend to obey a higher law. For example, William Wallace, the man who died helping the Scottish fight the British, had a strong faith in G-d and admirable ethics. Believing in G-d helps a hero, because he realizes his weaknesses, so he might as well help society. The hero says to himself G-d put me on this planet to live His way, and I am nothing compared to Him, so I should help other people. Heroes often do not quite fit into normal society. This helps them perceive wrong. They do not live normal lives. They usually always work for a cause. They live alone, and sacrifice a social life for what they believe in. Often when a great peril threatens society, the hero takes a vital role. It may involve a trial from which the hero must emerge on a higher level. For example, Harry Potter often faces a problem, which, while trying to solve, makes him into a better person. Heroes should also have confidence. A hero should possess bravery and courage, but it may damage him to have too much confidece. Arrogance could hurt a warrior, because he may think he could win a battle when he should really back off. This shows why he...

What is Peak Oil and what are the implications for the main transport Essay

What is Peak Oil and what are the implications for the main transport modes (cars; trucks; trains; ships; aircraft) - Essay Example The notion of peak oil is founded on the Hubbert peak theory. This being the case, peak oil can loosely be taken to mean the point in time at which petroleum extraction has reached its maximum rate and production will henceforth decline terminally (Brandt 2007, p. 3078). Different models have been applied in an attempt to forecast the future production of oil and the time at which the production of oil will reach its peak. Hubberts’ prediction of future oil supply and production was arrived at by plotting annual production divided by cumulative production for the specific year against cumulative production (Watts 2011). While the Hubbert forecast model relies on a single production cycle per country to predict the future of oil production, the model used by the University of Kuwait is multicyclic in nature (Arvizu 2010). Some of the factors that are considered in the multi-cyclic models include: government regulations, technology advances, political events, and economic conditions (Arvizu 2010). In estimating the global production of oil, researchers that were affiliated to the Kuwait University analysed the production cycles of 47 oil producing nations (Anderson & Conder 2011, p. 1582). The models produced from the data drawn from these anal yses were then combined to estimate global production as noted by Nashawi, Malallah and Al-Bisharah (2010, 1794, p. 1792). The model applied by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to predict the future production of oil, however, is not based on the Hubbert model. The EIA model relies on reserves to production (R/P) ratios to predict future production levels (Garza 2011). Figure 1 presents oil production estimates based on R/P ratios. Some experts have estimated that 2020 is the year to look out for as it will mark the beginning of the decline in oil production. Other experts have, however, given more pessimistic predictions with some noting that peak production of

Analytical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Analytical Report - Essay Example All in all, there are 67 million players each month (Tassi para 1). Given its continuously growing customer base, the company should take into consideration a more direct method of communicating with its customers, in addition to its existing online community forum and e-mail support. There are two options for the company, namely: online live chat or phone call. To prevent customers from going to other online gaming sites, there are two methods for Riot to choose that will make the customer service better. The first one is to set up an online live chat for customers that need help from Riot support. The second option is providing customers a number that they could call whenever they have complaints, problems, or issues that require immediate attention. The company must choose an option that is both inexpensive and efficient. The purpose of this report is to comprehensively analyze these two options and then decide which option is better for Riot Games. The first section discusses the need for customer service expansion; the second part analyzes the weaknesses and strengths of Riot Games; the third section enumerates the pros and cons of live chat and phone call support; and the last part determines the better option. Every game company needs customer service personnel to assist players with issues, yet online games require a bigger customer service staff. In offline games, players usually require support or assistance with technical problems; for issues regarding gameplay, players can look for hints online or purchase strategy manuals (Preston 5). However, in a live, online setting, these customers want to obtain assistance directly and instantaneously, and they require assistance for a much wider array of problems than they do in an offline setting (Knapp 16). Riot Games would therefore add value to their customer service by adding another option, either live chat or phone call support. Online gaming companies are usually at the bottom in

Plant Layouts of Production of Isoamyl Alcohol

Plant Layouts of Production of Isoamyl Alcohol PLANT FACILITIES LAYOUT The economic construction and efficient operation of a process unit will depend on how well the plant and equipment specified on the process flow sheet is laid out. A facility is regarded as a building or a precinct. The process units and ancillary buildings should be laid out to give the most economical flow of materials and personnel around the site. Hazardous processes must be located at a safe distance from other buildings. Consideration must also be given to the future expansion of the site. A layout of a building is the map that shows the location of the building around the isoamyl alcohol plant such as car park, cafeteria, mosque, stores, workshop, laboratory and others. The most important place workers need to know is fire assembles point which a designated place where people have been told to wait after evacuating a building in the event of a fire or other emergency. A model facilities layout should be able to provide an ideal relationship between raw materials, equipment, m anpower and final product at minimal cost under safe and comfortable environment. According to Riggs, the overall objective of plant is to design a physical arrangement that most economically meets the requirement output quantity and quality. Irregular plant layout will disturb the flow production and relationship among management and other staff member. The objective of the plant layout is: Provide a systematic process in the plant. Reduce material handling cost. Reduce hazard to personnel. Increase employee morale. Reduce accident in the plant. To provide optimum space to organize equipment and facilitate movements of goods. Figure 1: Plant layout of isoamyl alcohol production plant Figure 1 above shows the plant layouts of production of isoamyl alcohol and the important element in this layout. There is a power station which will be supply power to the whole plant so that there will be enough power to generate the production of plant. If the plant having a sudden loss of power source, the plant can continue to operate normal as there is generator powerful enough to supply electricity as backup source of power source as the main power station is being fix to normal condition. Thus, this will prevent loss in term of time and production rate of company including avoiding from emergency cases such as overheating of equipment as cooling process is being disturbed. There are also facilities for workers such as wide parking area, cafeteria and a room for prayer. Then, maintenance store and workshop facilities provide the spare part and maintenance of the instrument in the plant. The spare part capacity need to be control to avoid any disturb to the process line in case of emergency. The Fire assembly area is to provide the safe location if fire occur in the plant. The fire assembly area is important to check all employees safe from the incident. This location is choose by focus on a safe distance from the building and the space is large enough for all the workers in the plant to gather. Storage store refers to the controls the inflow quantity and quality of the raw material supply which are chlorine, sodium hydroxide and pentane in a high quality. This important to avoid excess amount of raw material in the plant because buying to many raw material will results tremendous space and cost to maintain them. In this section will involve the recording of raw material inflow and outflow in the plant in order to reduce the cost of operation. This storage tanks that containing hazardous materials is sited at least 70m (200 ft) from the site boundary and the main storage areas are placed between the loading and unloading facilities and the main process un it. Laboratories are placed well away from potentially hazardous processes. In order to obtain high quality of the isoamyl alcohol production, the raw material supply needs to achieve the specification level that has been set in this company. This area will running the test for production line and raw material supply. Every raw material that being supply for production area need to be passed a quality test to control the quality of the product. All the analysis equipment will be located in the laboratory. The important part in the plant, this is the production of isoamyl alcohol occur. All the instruments involve in the production of isoamyl acohol will set in this area and systematic arrangement of instrument need to have in order to have efficient production line. The isoamyl alcohol production will undergoes chlorination, fractionation, hydrolysis and distillation process. Cooling towers are sited so that, under the prevailing wind, the plume of condensate spray drifts away from the plant area and adjacent properties.